Back in the late 70s my uncle was at an auto show in Chicago at the McCormick place. There was a VW filled with beer cans of some particular brand. You could submit your name and your guess of the number of cans of beer and whomever was closest to the actual count won the beer (but not the car). My uncle won.
How did he guess so well? He was there very early on and he noticed a stack of cardboard trays stacked up in the corner of the venue. He counted the number of trays, multiplied by 24, and submitted that number. :-)
EDIT: I forgot to mention he was a functional alcoholic who drank beer constantly. It is appropriate he won it, but I'm not sure if was good for him.
Personally I'm a big fan of DotDotGoose [0]. Used by lots of people all over.
I discovered this when I had to test accuracy in a pose estimation model for a computer vision project involving crowds being counted by CCTV. Turns out in low-res imaging (even the best CCTV is a bit rubbish at long range due to wide angle lenses and so on), pose estimation models beat almost everything else for counting. Except... they're still not accurate.
I would spend hours going through hundreds of frames, counting people by hand, and then I'd compare with different pose models, and found they were always out, but they were out by the same amount.
Some models got confused by reflective surfaces, so would double count. Others would be out by ~20% every time for various environmental factors. The good thing about this is you could then easily show calibration. "OK, in that space, whatever the model says, half it, that's a better count", or "OK, in this image from this camera whatever the number the model says, increase/decrease it by 20%, and that'll be more accurate".
We ended up through human calibration being able to provide much more accurate "models" per camera than the models themselves.
It did mean counting hundreds of people per frame for hundreds of frames for dozens of cameras though... I had to abandon the trackpad for a mouse and just got settled in for a few days with DotDotGoose. Colleagues were surprised I had the patience for it. :-)
https://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_source/dotdotg...
> For all we know, the middle is just air and crumpled-up old newspaper.
I think this is the answer. I suspect the exhibit designers had a cool idea for a display, did a rough estimate of the area needed and then commissioned the exhibit builders to make the big metal-framed cube. Either they made an error in their calculation or the innate variability in the size of stacks of used bills threw it off. It's also possible the exhibit designer simply decided a bigger cube which filled the floor to ceiling space would be a better visual. Which would be unfortunate because, personally, the exhibit concept I'm more interested in is "$1M dollars in $100 bills fits in this area" not "Here's $1M in bills." The first concept is mildly interesting while the second is just a stunt.
Regardless of the reason it's off, I think it's most likely there's only $1M of bills in the cube. The folks responsible for collecting and destroying used bills tend to be exacting in their auditing for obvious reasons. So when the exhibit designers got $1M in used bills approved and released, that's exactly how much they got. It also stands to reason that they'd design the cube a little bigger than their calculated area requirement to ensure at least $1M would fit (along with some method of padding the interior) - although >50% seems excessive for a variability margin, so I still think it was an aesthetic choice or calculation error. Of course, one could do a practical replication to verify the area required with $10,000 in $1 bills.
Regardless, it's an interesting observation and a cool counting program to help verify.
It's funny how all the comments seem to assume the conclusion is correct. I think it is far more likely that it is exactly $1M (plus or minus a couple of percent margin of error), and that the packing isn't uniform. It seems extremely unlikely to me that they would fuck it up so bad as to have $500k more in the box than claimed.
The approach seems overkill. You'd just have to count bills for a length of 5cm (density) and then some multiplication for the volume.
Maybe just my biased brain, but the title made it sound like they were half a million under, not over. In some way, this is how 1000 piece jigsaw puzzles will never be exactly 1000 pieces. As long as there's at least 1000, I think most people are fine, especially as an art piece. And of course as mentioned, there's the possibility that there's filler inside.
It would've been much worse if it was under though.
Kind of off-topic, but I've always thought a good way to suss out what sort of background somebody comes from is to ask them to visualise $1million dollars.
People from a "working class" background tend to see a massive pile of money, more middle class, a smaller pile, upper class maybe a cheque or a small stack of $100 bills or a bank transfer.
It's maybe one of the weirdest parts of the JBR ransom note (getting really off-topic now), "$118,000 dollars be placed into an "adequately sized attaché" consisting of $100,000 in $100 dollar bills and $18,000 in $20 dollar bills."
That would take up a really small amount of space, but if you're never seen that amount of money you might not know that (especially in 1996, pre-internet)
There are additional stacks hidden by the aluminum framing. Everything is flush against the glass so there are a few more inches on each face not counted in the 102 figure.
And you're charging $3 to export some dots on top of an image from a basic app that probably takes like 1 hour to make... Ugh, so lame.
The economist's answer would be to offer to buy the cube for $1.1M. Tell them the extra $100k will fund building another cube plus expenses with spare cash left over. If you're right, pass GO and collect the payout.
Seems silly at first but in retrospect isn't that surprising to construct from requirements:
1: we want a big cube
2: has to have a million dollars
3: should be stacked neatly.
Given the bills are so evenly arranged on the lower surface there's only so many squares you can produce with the bills like that. 8x19 or 6x17 . 6x17 is noted as close to 1 mill but they only remove 2 stacks from the 100 side. so now it's not a cube, you'd come under if you trimmed it down to a cube.
so stacked flat seems 8x19 is the smallest square you can make for one side for a cube of cash that fits mil. so they did that and just filled it up.
It might be hollow, there's certainly a void. There's some comments about the border but you can clearly see that the bills don't go behind the border so the corners are squared in, which means there's probably a weird void of some sort because it's not really a normal cube.
I wouldn't be surprised if the bills themselves are marked with specimen or something on the non-visible side. Maybe they're also artificially worn bills produced during bringup or testing.
> “Hey so… we’re $550,400 over budget on the million-dollar cube project.”
The cube did not cost $1.5M+. These are decommissioned dollars diverted from the normal process. The Federal Reserve is responsible for destroying currency. These bills are worthless. The only expense here is building the walls of the cube.
I think I saw this cube back in the day, or one like it. I worked at a place called Coin Wrap and we handled sorting and wrapping money for banks, and also wrapped the Sacagawea coins when they came out. One of the trucks came through and had to offload this large cube of money they told us contained 1 million in dollar bills, so they could offload the pallets of coins behind it. I've told people about it but had not seen a picture or knew it was in the Chicago Fed building.
Well, if it contains 1.5 million, it also contains 1 million.
Something on this blog post is spiking my cpu to 100%. Any idea?
Edit: it seems to be that video embed
Do we truly know if the Middle is all dollar bills and not filler?
Instead of writing the counting tool he could have used the Multi-Point Tool in ImageJ [1] [2]. I used it just this morning for counting some embryos I collected.
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhFNiPsVRoM
[2] https://fiji.sc/
The KLF burned a million pounds in 1994 (about $3million in today's money)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K_Foundation_Burn_a_Million_Qu...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9SzDFGbsFI&pp=0gcJCdgAo7VqN...
> All I wanted was a way to click on things in a photo and have the number go up.
> You’d think this would already exist, a browser based tool for counting things.
Just want to point out that these apps do exist, perhaps not browser based. For example:
Do they claim it's packed solid all the way through?
Or the counting is off...
I'd like to see this or a similar follow up project memorialized onto a small plaque beside the exhibit.
If the cube contains 1.5x more bills than it should (50% more volume), then the correct scaling of the cube should have been (2/3)^(1/3) = 87%
You can actually estimate this pretty well with only your brain and basic math. Example 1 in Guesstimation by Lawrence Weinstein and John Adams, would work for this problem. The problem is about estimating the height of all lottery tickets in a lottery. Another book called The art of Insight in Science and Engineering by Sanjoy Mahajan has this problem (1.3) but its with a suitcase filled with $100 bills.
Inflation
I can't help wondering how big a cube you'd need to fill it with 1 million $1 coins.
43x43 piles of 541 coins each make 1000309 coins with a pile height of 541*2mm = 1.082m, while the width would be somewhat less than 43*26.5mm = 1.1395m with a hexagonal packing.
So just over 1m cubed, a little smaller than the bill version. But at 8100 kg, tons heavier.
I bet it’s not cash all the way through to make it look bigger
I imagine that to have the cube displayed on its corner like that the center must contain some pretty solid structure that anchors the whole thing securely to the floor or else the 2000+ pounds of carefully balanced cash would present an even larger liability.
Someone needs to call/email the museum and ask what is actually in there because it don't add up.
This good article contains a photograph of a million quid nailed to a wall. Since burnt by scoundrels
I don't think the cube is stacked as uniformly as the OP thinks.
Notice in this photo how the side of the cub right/side - the bills are not oriented in the same direction as on the other sides.
This is a cool tool. Did the same thing (manually, just counted and switched colors whenever I hit 100) when I vacuumed up like a thousand yellow jackets from inside our walls. Couldn’t believe it when I hit 500, would have never estimated so high.
Here's the go-to for counting stuff in pictures of lots of stuff: https://countthings.com/
This would probably be a hard case for it! But would be cool to see how well it works.
Kind of off-topic, but I've always wondered. When you use a card to get cash in $20 bills from an ATM, does it record the serial# of every bill it pumps out to you?
We don't know what kinda stuff is stuffed in the center — maybe some useless stuff that saves them Feds $500K!
Since the rows counted were not uniform, why assume all 19 under each of them is? As such, it wouldn't have to be hollow, but doesn't have to be neatly packed in the center, either.
Hilarious and well written exercise, regardless. Kudos!
My bank had a little class dome full of shredded money - like the ones that cover a mantle clock? Tall, under a foot. A million in hundred dollar bills is a stack four feet high. Puffy shredded bills? Either they were thousand dollar bills, or the sign was just a wild guess, and very wrong.
Is there any proof that the money inside, including what is visible, is genuine and not a prop?
I counted and got the exact same numbers from the first photo in the article: 8x19x102. No helper software needed, on a small phone screen.
Though having an app handy might make sense sometimes.
You need a cube that is a multiple of the width of a dollar on one side and a multiple of the height of a dollar on the other side. technically it needs to be a a multiple of the thickness of a stack of 100 dollars as well.
us dollar size: Width: 6.14 inches (155.956 mm) Height: 2.61 inches (66.294 mm) Thick x100: 0.43 inches (10.922 mm)
How close over a million dollars can you make this cube?
The exhibit picked a cube ~50 inches. 8 wide = 49.1 inch 19 tall = 49.6 inch.
But this assumes that having a perfect "cube" of bills was the artistic vision.
At the complete other end there is this art piece which should contain a total of $84,000 in Danish kroner and euros, but contains a grand total of $0:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jens-haaning-take-the-money-and...
On the other hand, due to the provenance of the cube, the whole thing would sell for a lot more than $1 million.
Jack Binion's sister, Becky Behnen, famously sold million-dollar display of one hundred $10,000 bills in '99 for (a rumored) $4 million to the currency dealer Jay Parrino.
(Supposedly) one of those $10,000 bills was posted on eBay for $160,000.
It does contain $1,000,000, just not exactly that much.
Meanwhile I'm in a debate about the effectiveness/competence of government workers on another post.
I realize the fed is not technically a government agency.
counting things are a huge intellectual blind spot. For some reason, when people hear a figure, they accept it as gospel.
sums, averages, population, budgets, spending, rates.
Counting things is time consuming and error prone. Ask a casino. You can have 3 people count something and come to a different figure off by a few percent.
Seriously if someone says there's $1m in there, who is going to second guess? Thankfully this guy did.
The dot counting tool is kind of neat, but I guess most people didn't need it because if they see a large enough pile of something, they assume it's roughly what they expected (as opposed to "does this bag of candy really contain 30 servings like it says on the package? Let me get a count!")
The bills look well used, I assume they were going to be retired anyway.
I bring this up because the article and many of the comments here act like this "cost" the Fed $1.5 million to make the cube.
This is my sort of pedantry!
They’re using US Treasury accounting standards. Either that or inflation is a $!+(@.
This right here is my favourite flavour of the Web.
the fed guys who counted the money: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymRqYz-Mxnw
I think I have the real explanation: Mint to Contractor: "Those dimensions were supposed to be in yards, not meters."
If you need a web app to mark/count things in images, search for "image annotation" tools. I know first hand of a tool that is around since 2009 and still maintained.
What is the point in making a display like this at all in the first place, but making it either under claimed or over filled?
Who gets anything out of giving people the wrong idea about what $1m would look like?
If you are commissioning the thing to be built, why might you want it to either contain more than $1m, or be hollow and larger than what $1m really is? What purpose does an incorrect display serve? A correct display already serves almost no purpose in the first place, now make it incorrect.
None of the reasons I can think of would seem to apply here:
Disinformation.
Advertizement.
Art, where the artists point was to make it wrong and never tell anyone.
Simple goof up? This one is at least plausible. Someone estimated wrong, got a local shop to build an expensive cube(1), well we got the cube we got, fill it and get the display up.
(1) That will have to be quite thick polycarbonate or glass, not cheap. In fact, that right there might expose that there is at least some kind of fakery inside, if the glass is not at least as thick as the aluminum frame, then it's not strong enough, neither is the frame for that matter if it's what it looks like. So if the glass and frame are as thin as they look, then there is some kind of internal skeleton.)
Maybe there is some other significance we've lost since it was built. Maybe the $1m was never the interesting point originally. Maybe instead the dimensions or maybe weight of the cube were the interrsting thing, and this is really something like "1000 gallons of $1 bills" and that just hsppens to come out to 1.55m.
I've been thinking about using an app like this to count parking spaces in a city!
Thank you
Did the author claim the excess cash there?
nit: Technically, even if there is exactly $1M you need to account for the box price since they don't specify that it's $1M in cash but just say "what one million dollars looks like".
>So yeah. They’re off by 50%.
Ah, that'll be the allowance for inflation/devaluation.
I expected it to be 50% short because whoever assembled it swiped half of the cash assuming nobody would ever count. 50% over is hilarious.
Probably has a tidy façade, with a jumble full of gaps in the middle.
Edit: Actually I reckon they deliberately oversized the container a bit so it's easier to pack the cash in. You don't want to build it too small! (Relative budget notwithstanding). Another design constraint it has to be a cube, and has to fit nicely to the dimensions of the banknotes on the front face (aspect ratio and size) without having a big gap on one side.
Audit the Fed (cube)!
i'm amazed he accurately placed the dots. if i were to use the png on the site without dots, i'd have trouble placing them in a lot of areas.
I dont know the answer.
But I DO know, the most of HN is probably autistic and mostly agree on an explanation that completely defies Occams Razor.
The truth imo...
Its mostly a million, fake, stuck to the sides, padding in the middle, with a few bills missing from the top for mementos from the last installer in the room. Every now and again some more bills are thrown in if people start asking too many questions.
Which ironically represents the FED accurately.
That reminds when a corrupt bureaucrat or a high ranking military in Russia gets arrested there frequently an amount of cash found in the apartment/house equivalent to 1-3 cubic meters in $100 bills (and usually it is a mix of mostly dollars with some euros) .
It’s so easy for them to print USD money that they don’t care having 1M wasted like this.
Had a laugh at those cheap rubber furniture corner guards that only cover 2 edges of each 3 edged corner. Somebody must have got whacked in the head so they decided to stick them on afterwards.
This guy could have pulled the greatest heist in the history of mankind. Steal the cube, take out $500K, leave $1 million inside (fluff it up a bit or put some Styrofoam in the center), then return the cube, saying it was a stunt to draw attention to climate change or similar and you intended to return it. Then they would count the dollars, you'd get a minor sentence (maybe)... Then you get to keep $500k.
well actually...
the homepage of this website is so cool, but also a bit pretentious. like, why would the OP include things like "#1 on Hackernews", etc.?
A box with one and a half million dollars in it does contain a million dollars. It just also contains another half million dollars.
Like if I had a box with an apple and pear in it, I could put up a little plaque saying “There is an apple in this box” and it would be a completely accurate statement
What's really crazy is even if it was real it wouldn't be enough to refund taxpayers for a single presidential golf weekend (428 times first term, 30+ this term so far)
Why in the world would you use KaTeX to write a number that is just being used as a number, not part of a mathematical formula? But, if you must, at least use some tricks to make the spacing work correctly: since TeX treats `,` as `mathpunct`, you need to use something like `\$1{,}000{,}000` (or change its catcode) to get something that renders as a plain old non-KaTeXed "$1,000,000" would.
I'd bet on "hollow." Either they overestimated how large the cube would have to be to contain that much, or just decided they wanted a bigger cube than they needed.
"What if it’s hollow? [...] A money shell. A decorative cube. A fiscal illusion. The world’s most expensive piñata"
lol
It was $1M back in 2007.
> "No-no-no, that won't do. The cube is too small! Its puny size doesn't convey the crushing might of the American dollar! Hm. Do we have bigger dollars?"
> "I'm afraid we don't, boss."
> "Let's inflate it!"
> "The dollar?"
> "Not the dollar, idiot, the cube! With air.
> "On second thought..."
"The world’s most expensive piñata"
Now this is the type I post I come for
Sure, it does technically contain $1,000,000. And also $550,400 of bonus money. Which is kind of like ordering a burger and getting three.
Well, no, it's kind of like ordering two burgers and getting three.
Hey, this is great.
>It’s stupidly simple: upload an image, click to drop a dot, and it tells you how many you’ve placed. That’s it. But somehow, nothing like it existed.
A small related story.
I once was an intern on a bioscience laboratory that was working with maize. My very intern-y job was to count the number of white spots on the leaves of like ... thousands of plants.
Improvement # 1 (not by me but a colleage), we scanned the plants, on a regular flatbed scanner, they were small enough to fit in.
Improvement # 2 (this one was me), the plan was to automatically count all the spots with CV but it wasn't really working that well; it was back in 2012 and the algos were not that good, they still missed some and we needed to be as accurate as possible. I ended up doing a web app very similar to the one in the article, you just loaded an image and start tagging stuff and at the end it gave you a count for each type of spot you tagged ...
... then we spent weeks scanning and tagging plants full-time :'(.
1 Million Swiss Francs in the highest denomination (1000) weighs just 1.14 kg and is a stack of bills around 10 cm high. That is currently also around 1,261,037 USD
[1] https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wert-nutzung-gewicht-6-fakten-z...
Now show me a cube made of gold worth $1M.
Ron Paul is still alive and in some small way, just got his dream of auditing the fed turned into reality.
Re Dot Counter, cool work, but charging me $3 to download an image with dots on it is just silly.
[dead]
Not surprised that the Fed overspent a project by 50%.
[flagged]
It's always amusing how people easily carry $1M cash in the movies.
Once more proof the fed cannot be trusted. They are a private (and very secretive) entity at the heart of the US govt, thus not democratically governed.
if the Federal Reserve lies about the numbers.... what don't they lie about?
Did they ever consider there could be a hollow core, or filler to account for the discrepancy?
Did you account for the paper band that wraps the 100 one-dollar bills? Not nitpicking, but you said you counted everything you could see.
It should be between 0.002-0.004 in. thick, so each band per bundle is about 0.004 to 0.008 thick. Might take off a little bit of your overage.
In case you wondered, $1M in cash ($100 bills) weigh approximately 22 pounds (about 10 kilograms).
Last week I was watching that episode of Better Call Saul where he carries $7M throughout the desert for 36 hours, and realized his bags were supposed to get ripped 4 minutes into the process.
--
Calculation by Claude:
Here's the calculation:
A single US banknote weighs about 1 gram regardless of denomination.
So 70,000 bills × 1 gram = 70,000 grams = 70 kilograms = 154 pounds.
That's quite heavy - equivalent to carrying around a large person!
Those 70,000 bills would also represent $7 million in cash
* edit corrected the pounds calculation
From a 2014 reddit post[0]:
> This is actually not a million dollars in singles. It is over $1,000,000. The box was created with the wrong dimensions by the contractor, but they still decided to fill it, display it, and claim it is $1,000,000. > > Source: Tour Guide at the Chicago Fed
[0] https://old.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/2f9sp7/one_million_do...